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Sciatic nerve one of the largest ones in the human organism. His anatomical power implies its important functions. The main function of the sciatic nerve is directed to the innervation of the skin and all muscles and joints of the lower extremities. Therefore, when the defeat of the sciatic nerve occurs (such as restraint, inflammation and trauma) skin and musculo-ligamentous structures of the lower extremities are affected. Anatomically, the sciatic nerve is projected in the back of the thigh and lower leg back of the foot gradually branching out into smaller branches innervating the thigh, knee, shin, an ankle joint, foot and toes.

Sciatica (from the Greek word “ischias” that means pelvis, and in the plural “Ischia” means seat) is an inflammatory disease of the sciatic nerve. In other words it is the naming of the lumbosacral radiculitis. The lumbosacral plexus mainly consists of the sciatic nerve. That is why clinical symptoms of sciatica are explained as the lesions of the sciatic nerve. Mostly, those people suffer from sciatica who are of working age (aged between 35 and 50) and the pathology tends to rejuvenation.

Sciatica is the result of both primary injury of the sciatic nerve, and when there is the affection of the nerve surrounding structures (such as intervertebral disc, vertebral bodies and legs). The primary lesion of the sciatic nerve may occur as a result of tuberculosis, influenza, herpes, herpes zoster, syphilis, and after hypothermia and incorrect intramuscular injection. There are cases of traumatic sciatic nerve injury such as contusion, stab wounds, rupture of the nerve etc.

The indirect sciatic nerve damage can be caused by constipation, arthritis, diabetes, thyroid disease, excessive load on the spine and spinal cord tumors. But it more often happens, almost in 90 percent of cases, that sciatica is the result of dystrophic lesions of the intervertebral disc with osteochondrosis and such a common complication, as herniated disc and spondylosis. Thus, the cause of sciatica is basically not a primary inflammation of the sciatic nerve, but its jam (so called compression), with its subsequent dystrophy, muscle atrophy and dysfunction of the lower extremities (that is to say, motor one, sensory disorders and autonomic-trophic disorders).

Sciatica is usually characterized as the pain in the lumbar spine, spreading the legs to the buttocks and thigh in the course of the sciatic nerve. Mostly sciatica is unilateral (it affects one leg). The nature of such pain is very diverse. We can speak here about such types of pain as smarting, undulating, shooting, and it can be combined with numbness and weakness of the legs. This pain can be so shrill, that a man can not even bend, straighten up, move or rotate. However, the pain does not prevent a person to move and conduct an active lifestyle in some cases.

In some cases, jamming of the sciatic nerve is caused by compression of the nerve adjacent muscles, when the so-called tunnel syndrome occurs. Clinically, tunnel syndrome manifests itself in various ways such as pain in the buttocks, burning pain in the soles of feet and irregularities in the motion of the foot.

To learn more about sciatica and sciatica in particular - please visit this site with helpful sciatica-related info.

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